Really good page Laura. Try and add the information on the Lymphatic system and hypertension to make it complete. This will be a really good revision tool, well done.
Male Infertility
Infertility is classed as the inability of a couple to concieve after trying for a baby for a year. There are many causes of infertility and it can be primary or secondary, the chances of being infertile are increased as the age of the couple increases and around 25% of couples will struggle to concieve at some point. The impact of male infetility is thought to be around 40%.
Causes
Often a low sperm count can lead to infertility this can occur due to
-reduction of preoduction due to heat
-being overly sexually active
-smoking over 20 cigarettes a day
-excessive alcohol intake
-obesity
Being stressed can also lead to infertility as well as a lowered sex drive
Excessive fluid surrounding the testicles known as hydrocele
Anotomical misdevelopments of the penis
Issues with the urethra or sperm ducts fuctioning wrongly
Retrograde ejaculation
Chronic infection of the prostate gland
Treatment
Altering lifestyle choices that lead to a low sperm count
Female infertility has many causes that can range from biological issues affecting contraception to issues caused by environmental factors. The chance of female infertiliy increases with age, a female however becomes completely infertile after she goes through the menopause and she no longer produces eggs.
Causes
-failure to ovulate
Hormonal Problems
-failure to produce mature eggs, the issue in around 50% of cases of anovulation
-failure of the hypothalmus
-failure of the pituitary gland, incorrect levels of FSH and LH prevent ovulation
Physical issues with the fallopian tubes
Physical issues with the ovaries
Premature menopause
Follicle problems such as "unruptured follicle syndrome" which prevents the release of the egg despite it being fully matured
-failure of the fallopian tubes
Infection
Previous invasive surgery
Disease
Ectopic pregnancy
-other causes
Uterus abnormalities
Diet problems
Problems with the cervical mucus
Smoking, Alcohol and Drugs
Environmental factors -lead, radiation, etc.
Treatment
Medication to treat hormonal issues
Corrective tubal surgery
IVF
Laparoscopic surgery
Artificial insemination
Despite the continuing development of procedures for some couples conception is physically impossible and other alternatives such as the use of surrogates or the possibility of adoption must be considered.
If a couple does not use contraception there is a 85% chance that the women will fall pregnant if both partners are fully fertile. This is why couples who wish to prevent pregnancy can opt to use one or more than one of the many contraceptive products available.
Female
The Implant, 99.9% effective
Sterilisation, 99.8% effective
Contraceptive Injection, 97% effective
Contraceptive Patch, 92% effective
Duel Birth Control Pill, 92% effective
IUS, 99.8% effective
IUD, 99.2% effective
Female Condom, 79% effective
Progesterone Only Pill, 92% effective
Diaphragm, 84% effective
Spermicide, 71% effective
Male
Male Condom, 85% effective
No contraceptive method is 100% effective, a small mistake can lead to an unexpected pregnancy which can require the use of emergency contraception.
Heart disease or cardiopathy is a term that can be used to describe any condition affecting the heart. It kills hundreds of thousands of people each year and recent years in america it has been seen to kill twice as many people as cancer.
Some of the common forms of heart disease are coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, cardiovascular disease and inflamatory heart disease.
Causes
Due to the vast range of conditions that can be placed under the heading of heart disease there are many causes, however the main factors causing the heart to malfunction are:
High Blood Pressure (hypertension)
High Blood Cholestoral
Diabetes
Overweight, additional pressure is put on the heart
Smoking
Lack of exercise
Gender, men are more likely to suffer than women
Family History
Genetic Abnormalities
Age, 4 in 5 people that die due to heart disease are over 65
There are also factors that can contribute to the likelyhood of heart disease:
Stress, causes increased blood pressure
Sex Hormones
Birth Control Pills
Alcohol
Treatments
There are also many to match the various forms of diseases, many can mean that a person may be able to lead a normal life once more although there success is not guarenteed. Drug treatments can help to treat some types causes such as to lower blood pressure. They can also be used to prevent clots, relieve angina and improve the hearts contractions. There surgery methods that can be used to alter structure or to assist the heart in beating more steadily and achieving a healthier rhythm.
Artherosclerosis
A type of heart disease that affects many people and is caused by the thickening of the artery walls. This thickening is due to the build up of deposits such as cholestoral, calcium and fatty acids. This is normally refered to as plaque. This disease can only be detected in the later stages as there is no way of seeing it earlier and it only becomes obvious when symptoms begin to show. Artherosclerosis can be treated by stenting, a change of lifestyle and diet and the use of medication such as blood thinners.
Really good page Laura. Try and add the information on the Lymphatic system and hypertension to make it complete. This will be a really good revision tool, well done.
Male Infertility
Infertility is classed as the inability of a couple to concieve after trying for a baby for a year. There are many causes of infertility and it can be primary or secondary, the chances of being infertile are increased as the age of the couple increases and around 25% of couples will struggle to concieve at some point. The impact of male infetility is thought to be around 40%.
Causes
- Often a low sperm count can lead to infertility this can occur due to
-reduction of preoduction due to heat-being overly sexually active
-smoking over 20 cigarettes a day
-excessive alcohol intake
-obesity
Treatment
Sources
http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/690/main.html
http://www.malefertility.co.uk/causes.html
Female Infertility
Female infertility has many causes that can range from biological issues affecting contraception to issues caused by environmental factors. The chance of female infertiliy increases with age, a female however becomes completely infertile after she goes through the menopause and she no longer produces eggs.
Causes
-failure to ovulate
- Hormonal Problems
-failure to produce mature eggs, the issue in around 50% of cases of anovulation-failure of the hypothalmus
-failure of the pituitary gland, incorrect levels of FSH and LH prevent ovulation
-failure of the fallopian tubes
-other causes
Treatment
Despite the continuing development of procedures for some couples conception is physically impossible and other alternatives such as the use of surrogates or the possibility of adoption must be considered.
Sources
http://www.stanford.edu/class/siw198q/websites/reprotech/New%20Ways%20of%20Making%20Babies/Causefem.htm
http://womens-health.health-cares.net/female-infertility-treatments.php
Contraception
If a couple does not use contraception there is a 85% chance that the women will fall pregnant if both partners are fully fertile. This is why couples who wish to prevent pregnancy can opt to use one or more than one of the many contraceptive products available.Female
Male
No contraceptive method is 100% effective, a small mistake can lead to an unexpected pregnancy which can require the use of emergency contraception.
Source
http://www.bpas.org/bpaswoman.php?page=124
Heart Disease
Heart disease or cardiopathy is a term that can be used to describe any condition affecting the heart. It kills hundreds of thousands of people each year and recent years in america it has been seen to kill twice as many people as cancer.Some of the common forms of heart disease are coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, cardiovascular disease and inflamatory heart disease.
Causes
Due to the vast range of conditions that can be placed under the heading of heart disease there are many causes, however the main factors causing the heart to malfunction are:There are also factors that can contribute to the likelyhood of heart disease:
Treatments
There are also many to match the various forms of diseases, many can mean that a person may be able to lead a normal life once more although there success is not guarenteed. Drug treatments can help to treat some types causes such as to lower blood pressure. They can also be used to prevent clots, relieve angina and improve the hearts contractions. There surgery methods that can be used to alter structure or to assist the heart in beating more steadily and achieving a healthier rhythm.Artherosclerosis
A type of heart disease that affects many people and is caused by the thickening of the artery walls. This thickening is due to the build up of deposits such as cholestoral, calcium and fatty acids. This is normally refered to as plaque. This disease can only be detected in the later stages as there is no way of seeing it earlier and it only becomes obvious when symptoms begin to show. Artherosclerosis can be treated by stenting, a change of lifestyle and diet and the use of medication such as blood thinners.Source
http://chinese-school.netfirms.com/heart-disease-causes.html
http://www.healthinsite.gov.au/topics/Treatments_for_Heart_Disease
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_disease
http://www.articleswave.com/health-articles/arteriosclerotic-cardiovascular-disease.html